The scope of this Interest Group (IG) includes all aspects of wildlife ecotoxicology with emphasis on bridging between cross-disciplinary domains of toxicology, ecology, chemistry, landscape ecology, risk assessment, conservation biology and others. In the broadest sense, all vertebrate species are considered as wildlife species, although fish are excluded, as are domesticated and feral species. The main focus is on exposure and effects to wildlife individuals and populations in the field, which can be evaluated using field-oriented, laboratory or captive animal, and/or modeling studies.